Přehled gramatiky
| Autor: Antonín Kaprál | Škola: G Opatov |
| Strany: 12 A4 | Obrázky: ne |
| Dokument stažen: 8504x | Náhled zobrazen: 28590x |
| Stáhnout zazipovaný dokument » | Zpět na seznam » |
| Textový náhled: LANGUAGE SPOT 1-53 1) REFLEXIVE PRONOUMS COMPLETE THE TABLE. subject pronoun reflexive pronoun I myself you (singular) yourself he himself she herself it itself we ourselves you (plural) yourselves they themselves 2) EXPRESING A WISH I´D LIKE TO I WANT TO example I´d like to travel. or I want to travel. travel do something interesting see the world practise foreign languages do something different meet new people have a break do nothing for a year earn a lot of money learn more about other countries have a long holiday leave home visit some friends in Italy go to warm countries have an easy time 3) EXPRESSING INTERESTS GOOD AT INTERESTED AT sports. I´m not very good at practical things. Heś quite interested in languages. Sheś very car repairs. art. 4) PREPOSITION Put these words in the correct tables. motorcycle foot spaceship horse plane car ship sledge -------------- BOAT BY -------------- LORRY IN A -------------- SUBMARINE -------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BYCYCLE BY ------------- TRAIN ON A ------------- ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ON FOOT 5) VERBS OF TRANSPORT Match these verbs to the correct form of transport: Ride Walk Sail Fly Drive Example fly: plane , spaceship Say how people travelled: Example Captain Gallagher flew round the world. 6) EXPRESING AN AMBITION : WOULD LIKE TO Complete the table with these worbs: would´d wouldn´t like to What -----------------you --------------------- do? ----------------- travel round the world. I ----------------- like to have a big car. ----------------- be a pop star. 7) POSSESIVE PRONOUMS Complete the sentences: Example This is my bag. Itś mine. That is your bag. Itś -------. These are her suitcases. Theyŕe ------. Those are his suitcases. Theyŕe ------. This is our van. Itś -------. This is their lugggage. Itś -------. Whose is this (are these )? Itś hers. or Theyŕe theirs. or Itś mine. etc. 8) QUESTION TAGS A Example You like a chalenge, don´t you? This isn´t our train, ---------? That man has got a suitcase the same as mine , -------? Hmmm. Thatś Carrutherś suitcase, ----------? Now you won´t be able to go , ---------? B Make a rule for questionn tags: - Which verb do you use? - When is it positive? - When is it negative? 9) THE CONDITIONAL TENSE Complete the table with these words: would ´d wouldn´t I YOU ---------- TAKE THE TYPEWRITER HE ---------- LEAVE THE PENS SHE ---------- WE THEY take? WHAT ----- You get rid of? ----- do? leave? 10) IF CLAUSES 1 This is the if clause: This is the main clause: If we GO from Dover to Ostende, it WILL TAKE 3 hours and 45 minutes. If we TAKE the hovercraft, it WILL BE quicker. - What tense is used in the IF CLAUSE? - What tense is used in the MAIN CLAUSE? 11) IF CLAUSE 2 A) Notice the tenses: If you WERE on a hijacket plane, WOULD YOU ATTACK the hijackers? If a robber attacked me in dark street, I WOULD SCREAM. - What tense is used in the IF CLAUSE? - What tense is used in the MAIN CLAUSE? Write your answers to the quiz in full. Example If I WAS on a hijacked plane, I would try to escape. B) Why are the tenses different? Clue: Are things going to happen? C) What are the short forms? Which of these are the short forms of the conditional tense? Positive (I WOULD) = Iĺl , I´Id , I´d , I w´d Negative (I WOULD NOT) = I´dn´t , I won´t , I wouldn´t , I´Idn´t 12) GERUNDS 1 I can play tennis. What kind of word is ´play´, a verb or a noun? I like play playing tennis. What kind of word is ´playing´, a verb or a noun? We call words like ´playing´, GERUNDS. Here are some more: Skiing, swimming, skating, singing, dancing, climbing, reading, sleeping, eating. - What do the other members of the group like doing? Example Bruce likes climbing. 13) WARNING WITH CONDITIONS IF they MOVE ,the van might/could fall. IF they STAY still, another car might/could hit them. Say what might/could happen, if... Here are some ideals to help you: The van might fall. Sue might fall out. Another car migh hit them. The van might catch fire. They might be killed 14) NEED + GERUND Can you replace the brake shoes, please? The brake shoes need REPLACING. Can you check the brakes, please? The brakes need CHECKING. Use: replace, repaint, repair, straighten. Example The headlights need . . . 15) PAIR(S) OF Some words are always plural (jeans, trousers). When we want to say how many, we must use: pair(s) of 1 pair of jeans 3 -------- socks 5 -------- knickers 2 -------- tights 1 -------- boots 1 -------- swimming trunks 4 -------- pyjamas 5 -------- trousers Example A In my suitcase I´ve got one pairs of jeans. B In my suitcase I´ve got one pairs of jeans and two T-shirts. C In my suitcase I´ve got one pair of jeans, two T-shirts and three pairs of socks. 16) SIZES Ask: jeans What size shoes do you take? shirts or What is your waist measurement? chest 17) GERUNDS 2 Eating more difficult Taking a shower is easier in space Cutting food Look at the spelling: eat eating take taking cut cutting How do the verbs change when you add -ing? Make gerunds for these verbs: skate, ski, swim, box, dance, keep fit, run, get dressed, race, ride, change, spell, shop, clean 18) RELATIVE PRONOUNS : WHO , WHICH , THAT A) Put in the correct word to complete the rule. WHO WHICH THAT We use ------ for things and animals. We use ------ for people. We use ------ for people, thinngs and animals. clothes helped us. things who worked at the holiday centre. These are the animals that we took with us. tools which we met on our journey. places we saw in Wales. people we visited. 19) THE PAST PERFECT TENSE Look at these sentences. Which ones happened first? Cleo was unemployed. Cleo had been a pop singer with a group. Cleo met Nina outside the job centre. Cleo had gone to the job centre to look for a new job. Complete this statement with one of the following: After Before At thwe same time as We use the PAST PERFECT to show something happened --------- the PAST. 20) EXPRESSING REGRET : I WISH I HAD/HADN´T What tense is this? I wish I hadn´t taken this job? I wish I had stayed at home. 21) DESCRIBING FEELING AND LOOKS feel well ´m feeling --------- I don´t feel --------- ´m don´t feeling --------- ***************************** ***************************** ***************************** He looks angry She doesn´t look -------- ***************************** *************************** ***************************** -------- You look happy don´t look worried 22) PREPOSITIONS on, in or at a) Whatś ------- the box tonight? b) We have lunch at 1 o´clock. c) Whatś ------- ITV at 9 o´clock? d) Look ------- the programme guide. e) Programmes ----- BBC2 finish -------- half past one -------- the morning. f) Thereś a film ------- now. g) Whoś ------ the play -------- Channel4 -------- ten o´clock? 23) NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Example James V was Maryś father. James V died when Mary was only one week old. James V, who was Maryś father, died when mary was only one week old. 24) RULES f---------- Smoking in cinemas is p---------- i----------- You are not ----- to smoke It is i--------- in You ------- not cinemas. 25) GERUNDS 3 Informal : You are not able to smoke in cinemas. You mustn´t smoke in cinemas. Formal: Smokong in cinemas is forbidden. Smoking in cinemas is prohibited. Give informal version. Example Smoking in cinemas is forbidden. You mustn´t smoke in cinemas. Crossing on the red man is prohibited. You mustn´t cross on the red man. 26) INDIRECT SPEECH Direct speech ´My nameś Jim Carlson. I work for the North Australia Bank. I´ve lived in Paris for three years now. I lived in England before that. In fact this parcel is for some friends there. But it will be heavy to post.´ ´I can take it for you. We´re going to England.´ Indirect speech He said his name was Jim Carlson and that he worked for the North Autralia Bank. He said he had lived in Paris for three years. He said he had lived in England once and that he had a parcel for some friends there, but it would be too heavy to post. I told him I could take it for him, because we were going to England. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH present simple past simple present continous -------------- present perfect -------------- future -------------- past -------------- conditional -------------- 27) INDIRECT QUESTION Have you anything to declare? I asked him whether he had (got) anything to declare. Where did you buy this camera? I asked him where he had bought the camera. 28) INDIRECT COMMANDS AND REQUESTS Find the direct requests and commands for these: I asked him to open his suitcase. I told him to come with me. How do you make indirect commands and requests? 29) EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY would --------. If I lived on a tropical island, I would be able to ---------. wouldn´t have to ---------. would --------. If you lived on a tropical island, you wouldn´t be able to --------------. would have to -----------. 30) EXPRESSING POSSIBLE DANGERS You might get scratched bitten could sunburnt by-----------. cut burnt stung might cut You could scratch yourself on -------. burn 31) WEATHER FOORECAST sunny. -------. -------. ś going to be foggy. It will fine. -------. warm. --------. dry. It ś going tto ---------. will rain. thunderstorms. There ś going to be some --------. will snow. ---------. 32) THE PASSIVE Many trees are killed by disease. Now the forests are threatened by a greater danger. Example Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide/emit/factories, power stations and cars. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are emitted by factories, power stations and cars. A) Trees/damage/acid rain. B) Poisonous oxidants/drop onto trees/rain and snow. C) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide/turn into sulphuric acid and nitric acid/water vapour. D) Forests/destroy E) Sulphuric acid and nitric acid/turn into poisonouus oxidants/sunlight F) Pollution/blow from one country to another/wind 33) CLASSIFYING example What is a beech? Itś a kind of tree. 34) SUGGESTING ADVICE ´d better ... I thing we should ... ought to ... Example look for some food. I think we´d better look for some food. Clues: make a plan of action try to find a village explore the island build a signal fire look for some water build a hut swim to another island catch some fish swim to the boat make some weapons try to make a map of island shout for help go swimming go to the highest point of the island 35) EXPRESSING REGRET We should have stayed near the ship. We shouldn´t have left the ship. Clues: make a plan of action try to find a village explore the island build a signal fire look for some water build a hut swim to another island catch some fish swim to the boat make some weapons try to make a map of island shout for help go swimming go to the highest point of the island 36) COMPASS POINTS NOUN ADJECTIVE north northern south southern east eastern west western north-west north-western south-west south-western north-east north-eastern south-east south-eastern 37) DESCRIBING SHAPES Itś shaped like a foot. Itś foot-shaped. Example: (pohled ve tvaru srdce ) a heart-shaped card 38) LARGE NUMBERS 2,675,891 = two million, six hundred and seventy-five thousand, eight houndred and ninety-one 406,873,241 = four hundred and six million, eight hundred and seventy-tree thousand, two hundred and forty-one Say these in full: 3877,764,034 98,562,607 6,541,987,000 87,000,000 78,000,000,000 39) GIVING ADVICE should keep the wound clean. You ought to put a plaster on the cut. keep your arm in a sling. have an anti-tetanus injection. Make sure you have an X-ray. go to the doctor. take some pain killers. 40) EXPRESSING FREQUENCY Take the medicine twice a day (x2 pd) four times a day (x4 pd) Say these in both ways: x6 pd x2 pd x8 pd x1 pd (note: once aday) x3 pd 41) USED TO She used to count her money. She counted the money regulary, but she doesn´t anymore. Say what the old woman used to do. Example live in the old house She usedd to live in old house. eat only bread and cheese wear old clothes live alone hide her money under the bed save all her money count her money at midnight drive visitors away Example I don´t livve in Canada any more.. He used to live in Canada. 42) HAVE SOMETHING DONE The owner ough to have the window mended. The own ought to mend the window. Say what the owner ought to have done. Use: repair, replace, clean, repaint, decorate. The roof got a hole in it. The kitchen window is broken. The paint is comming off the doors. The light bulb in the hall is broken. The pipes under the sink are leaking. The bath is cracked. The wallpaper is coming of the walls. The carpets are dirty. The cushions have got holes in. The curtains are torn. 43) CHANCES His chances (to die at work) is 9000 to 1. The farmworker is in a high-risk job with 1 in 9000 riisk of being killed at work. What are the chances? 44) COMPARING ACTIVITIES Workinng on ffarm rock climbing. Selling office equipment living near a nuclear power station Smoking MORE being bitten by a snake. Drinkinng wine working on farm. Living near a nuclear power station IS Dangerous than selling office equipment. Being vitten by a snake driving a tractor. Driving a tractor LESS flying. Flying riding a motorbike. Rock climbing smoking Riding a motorbike drinking wine. 45) ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY Often Always Never Sometimes Seldom Frequently The farmworker always rides a motorbike to work. The businessman never rides a motorbike to work. smoke travel abroad work in an office drive a tractor go rock climbing play football drink wine travel by air 46) RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH WHERE Stonehenge was a temple. People worshipped the Sun at Stonehenge. Stonehenge was a temple, where people worshipped the Sun. Cues: temple/people/worship the Sun observatory/astronomers/study the stars place/witches/make human sacrifices cemtery/ancient Britons/bury their dead kings palace/giants/live temple/people/worship the stars 47) DIMENSIONS A tower 30 metres high. A road 400 metres long. A street 12 metres wide. A valley 40 metres deep. 48) QUESTION TAGS Example A) Where was Carstairs put in prison? B) It was in Australia, wasn´t it? 49) DATES AND FESTIVALS Write the names of the months in full. Jan 22 = January the twenty-second. 50) TIME PREPOSITIONNS : IN, ON, AT IN, ON, AT Christmas Eve - on Christmas - the twentieth century - December 26 - the morning - Wednesday - 1987 - nine oćlock - January - ------------------------------- - days - parts of the day - years - times of day - centuries - festivals - months 51) THE PRESENT CONTINOUS WITH FUTURE MEANING Tomorrow morning I ------ ------- to church. On Boxing Day the neighbours ------ ------ in. In the afternoon your Dad and Ken ------- ------- to the football match. On Boxing Day Sarah --------- ----------- some friends. - What tense is it? - How do we know it has a future meaning? 52) ADVERBS 1 I feel (tired/tiredly) today. 2 I can´t thing very (clear/clearly) today. 3 Do you get depressed (easy/easily)? 4 He has become very (irritable/irritably). 5 You were very (cheerful/cheerfully) yesterday. 6 Old people forget things (easy/easily). 53) LIKELY TO Example When you are in love, you are likely to feel happy. A B are in love make mistakes take exercise feel healthy are away from home get sunburnt are in negative phase die of lung caster lie in the sun feel happy eat a lot be fit smoke feel hoomesick sleep well get fat are on a critical day feel depressed the weather is bad things go wrong | |